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Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England,
along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a
borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. Liverpool has a
population of 436,100, and lies at the centre of the wider Liverpool
Urban Area, which has a population of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of
Liverpool were broadly brought about by the city's status as a major
port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and
mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave
Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early
19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's
docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are
also known as "Scousers" , in reference to the local meal known as 'scouse',
a form of stew. The word scouse has also become synonymous with the
Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has
contributed to Liverpool's diverse population, which draws from a
wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those
from Ireland.
The popularity of The Beatles and the other groups from the
Merseybeat era contributes to Liverpool as a tourist destination - a
significant part of the city's modern economy. In 2007 the city
celebrated its 800th anniversary, and in 2008 it holds the European
Capital of Culture title together with Stavanger, Norway.
Liverpool has two Premier League football clubs: Liverpool F.C. at
Anfield and Everton F.C. at Goodison Park. Liverpool are the most
successful English football club of all-time, having won the league
title 18 times, FA Cup seven times, Football League Cup seven times,
European Cup/UEFA Champions League five times and UEFA Cup three
times and leading the all-time top division table 4 points ahead of
Everton. Everton have also enjoyed spells of dominance, having won
the league title nine times, FA Cup five times, and the European Cup
Winners' Cup once. Their most recent success was the FA Cup in 1995.
South Liverpool were once another successful professional side,
however they have experienced a turbulent history and are currently
in the Liverpool County Premier League. The amateur side Liverpool
Ramblers were the first team from the city to enter the FA Cup.
Liverpool is the only city to have staged top division football
every season since the formation of the Football League in 1888, and
both Liverpool and Everton have played in the top division every
season since 1962.
Professional basketball is played in the city with the addition of
Everton Tigers into the elite British Basketball League in 2007. The
club is associated with Everton Football Club, and is part of the
Toxteth Tigers youth development programme, which reaches over 1,500
young people every year. The Tigers will commence play in Britain's
top league for the 2007-08 season, though their home venue has yet
to be confirmed. Their closest professional rivals are the Chester
Jets, based 18 miles away in Chester.
County cricket is occasionally played in Liverpool, with Lancashire
County Cricket Club typically playing one match every year at
Liverpool Cricket Club, Aigburth.
Aintree Racecourse to the north of Liverpool in the adjacent borough
of Sefton is home to the famous steeplechase, the Grand National,
One of the most famous events in the international horse racing
calendar, it is held in early April each year. In addition to
horse-racing, Aintree has also hosted motor racing, including the
British Grand Prix in the 1950s and 1960s.
Speedway racing was formerly staged at Stanley Stadium in Prescot
Road from the 1920s until the late 1930s. It then reopened in 1949,
with the Liverpool Chads taking part in the National League, until
the track closed mid-season in 1953. A brief open season in 1959 was
followed by the final season in 1960 when the Liverpool Pirates
participated in the Provincial League. Peter Craven, the World
Champion in 1955 and 1962, started out at Stanley Stadium before
moving on to Belle Vue in Manchester.
A speedway track also operated in the mid-1930s at Seaforth Stadium.
Liverpool Harriers, who meet at Wavertree Athletics Centre, are one
of five athletic clubs. Liverpool has a long history of boxing that
has produced John Conteh, Alan Rudkin and Paul Hodkinson and hosts
high level amateur boxing events. Park Road Gymnastics Centre
provides training to a high level. The City of Liverpool Swimming
Club has been National Speedo League Champions 8 out of the last 11
years. Liverpool Tennis Development Programme based at Wavertree
Tennis Centre is one of the largest in the UK. Liverpool is also
home to the Red Triangle Karate Club, which provided many of the
1990 squad that won the World Shotokan Championships in Sunderland.
Luminaries include Sensei Keinosuke Enoeda, Sensei Frank Brennan,
Sensei Omry Weiss, Sensei Dekel Kerer, Sensei Andy Sherry and Sensei
Terry O'Neill, who is also famous for various acting roles.
Rugby league is played at amateur and student level within the city;
the last professional team bearing the city's name was Liverpool
City, which folded in the 1960s. Liverpool St Helens F.C. is one of
the oldest rugby union teams in the UK.
Liverpool is one of three cities which still host the traditional
sport of British Baseball and it hosts the annual England-Wales
international match every two years, alternating with Cardiff and
Newport. Liverpool Trojans are the oldest existing baseball club in
the UK.
The Royal Liverpool Golf Club, situated in the nearby town of
Hoylake on the Wirral Peninsula, has hosted The Open Championship on
a number of occasions, most recently in 2006. It has also hosted the
Walker Cup.
Liverpool has a Lacrosse Club, open to both Men and Women. Playing
at Liverpool Cricket Club in Aigburth, South Liverpool, the Mens
team is mainly built around the University squad, but with
University old boys and locals joining the team. Having started in
the lowest division in the north, Division 5, they have successfully
gained promotion to Division 4 in their first competitive season. |
